Corte Europea ordena a Google respetar el "derecho a ser olvidado"
Según el Alto Tribunal los derechos a la privacidad de los afectados tiene más valor que el interés general, por lo que el buscador debería ser capaz de eliminar las huellas digitales dejadas online.
por Reuters - 13/05/2014 - 17:27
El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) respaldó a los protectores de datos al dictaminar el martes que se puede pedir a Google que elimine información sensible de los resultados de búsqueda en Internet.
El caso es de gran trascendencia dentro de la batalla entre los defensores de la libertad de expresión y los partidarios de los derechos de la privacidad, que dicen que la gente debería tener el "derecho al olvido en Internet", lo que significa que deberían ser capaces de eliminar las huellas digitales dejadas online.
El fallo del Tribunal con sede en Luxemburgo se produjo después de que un español se quejase ante la agencia de protección de datos del país europeo de que un anuncio de la subasta de su casa embargada en los resultados de búsqueda de Google infringía sus derechos a la privacidad.
El caso es uno de los muchos planteados contra Google en los que los denunciantes quieren que el buscador de Internet borre su información personal en la Web. La compañía dice que obligarle a retirar esos datos es similar a la censura.
El Alto Tribunal dijo que los derechos a la privacidad de los afectados tiene más valor que el interés general.
"Si, a raíz de una consulta efectuada, la lista de resultados muestra enlaces incompatibles en este momento con la directiva (europea), los enlaces y la información en la lista de resultados tienen que ser borrados", dictaminó el Alto Tribunal.
Los jueces dijeron que los afectados pueden pedir a Google que elimine datos sensibles o pueden dirigirse a una autoridad relevante en caso de que la compañía no cumpla con su requerimiento.
Adoptada en 1995, la directiva europea de la protección de datos está revisándose para unas reglas de protección más estrictas. No fue posible contactar de forma inmediata con Google.
La agencia española de protección de datos dijo el martes en una nota separada que la decisión del Tribunal afectará a más de 220 recursos interpuestos por Google contra resoluciones en España a favor del derecho al olvido.
En el caso tratado por el Alto Tribunal en Luxemburgo, el afectado había pedido sin éxito que Google eliminara los datos de una subasta forzosa de su casa una vez saldadas las deudas que tenía el afectado con la Administración Pública y que habían llevado a este embargo.
"Ha sido un caso muy importante, que hemos venido defendiendo durante más de dos años", dijo Joaquín Muñoz, socio del bufete Abanlex Abogados, que ha representado al ciudadano español en este caso.
"Es importante que ahora todos los usuarios de Internet conozcan las reglas de juego", agregó.
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta leyes. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta leyes. Mostrar todas las entradas
viernes, 7 de agosto de 2015
Right to Be Forgotten
"Right to Be Forgotten" Continues to Push EU Borders
Nicole Motta on Wednesday August 5, 2015 05:53:22 PM
Google rejected CNIL's request to expand the EU ruling globally, but critics fear what will happen if Google loses this battle.
Late last month, Google said that it "respectfully disagree[s] with the CNIL's assertion of global authority" on the EU ruling and asked the French watchdog to withdraw its order. Under CNIL's plan, all of Google's sites worldwide would be forced to follow the "right to be forgotten" ruling. In response, Google said that this plan is "a troubling development that risks serious chilling effects on the web" and emphasized that the right to be forgotten is not the law globally. If it were, Google said, "the Internet would only be as free as the world's least free place." By not complying with CNIL's order, Google could face fines up to €150,000.
While Google has already risked being fined for disobedience, free speech advocates are wary about the ruling's expansion. One such advocate, Emma Llansó - a free expression scholar at the Center for Democracy and Technology think tank - said, "When we're talking about a broadly scoped right to be forgotten that's about altering the historical record or making information that was lawfully public no longer accessible to people, I don't see a way to square that with a fundamental right to access to information." Harvard law professor Jonathan L. Zittrain echoed this response, saying, "France is asking for Google to do something here in the U.S. that if the U.S. government asked for, it would be against the First Amendment. That is extremely worrisome to me." CNIL is expected to respond to Google's request within the required two-month period.
In a landmark ruling in May 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) established a "right to be forgotten", or more accurately, a “right to delist”, allowing Europeans to ask search engines to delist certain links from results they show based on searches for that person’s name. We moved rapidly to comply with the ruling from the Court. Within weeks we made it possible for people to submit removal requests, and soon after that began delisting search results.
It's now just over a year later and we’ve evaluated and processed more than a quarter of a million requests to delist links to more than one million individual web pages. Whenever a request meets the criteria set by the Court for removal (which are that the information can be deemed inadequate, irrelevant, no longer relevant or excessive, and not in the public interest) we delist it from search results for that individual’s name from all European versions of Google Search.
However, earlier this summer, France’s data protection regulator, the CNIL, sent us a formal notice ordering us to delist links not just from all European versions of Search but also from all versions globally. That means a removal request by an individual in France, if approved, would not only be removed from google.fr and other European versions of Google Search, but from all versions of Google Search around the world.
This is a troubling development that risks serious chilling effects on the web.
While the right to be forgotten may now be the law in Europe, it is not the law globally. Moreover, there are innumerable examples around the world where content that is declared illegal under the laws of one country, would be deemed legal in others: Thailand criminalizes some speech that is critical of its King, Turkey criminalizes some speech that is critical of Ataturk, and Russia outlaws some speech that is deemed to be “gay propaganda."
If the CNIL’s proposed approach were to be embraced as the standard for Internet regulation, we would find ourselves in a race to the bottom. In the end, the Internet would only be as free as the world’s least free place.
We believe that no one country should have the authority to control what content someone in a second country can access. We also believe this order is disproportionate and unnecessary, given that the overwhelming majority of French internet users—currently around 97%—access a European version of Google’s search engine like google.fr, rather than Google.com or any other version of Google.
As a matter of principle, therefore, we respectfully disagree with the CNIL’s assertion of global authority on this issue and we have asked the CNIL to withdraw its Formal Notice.
We have worked hard to strike the right balance in our implementation of the European Court’s ruling and have maintained a collaborative dialogue with the CNIL and other data protection authorities, who agree with our decisions in the majority of cases referred to them. We are committed to continuing to work with regulators in this open and transparent way.
Posted by Peter Fleischer, Global Privacy Counsel
lunes, 3 de agosto de 2015
La muerte Rehtaeh Parsons
La muerte Rehtaeh Parsons, una joven que se suicidó tras ser violada y ciberacosada, conmociona Canadá
La familia de Parsons denunció que la joven fue violada cuando tenía 15 años por un grupo de cuatro jóvenes. Pocos días después del ataque, alguien empezó a distribuir por internet una foto de la violación entre sus compañeros de colegio. La policía nunca presentó cargos
La sociedad canadiense está reaccionando con indignación ante la pasividad de las autoridades tras la muerte de una joven de 17 años que se suicidó tras ser violada y acosada posteriormente a través de internet por un grupo de jóvenes. Rehtaeh Parsons, una joven de 17 años de Cole Harbour, una pequeña localidad a unos 1.800 kilómetros al este de Toronto, murió el domingo de las heridas que sufrió al intentar suicidarse el 4 de marzo.
La familia de Parsons denunció que la joven fue violada cuando tenía 15 años por un grupo de cuatro jóvenes. Pocos días después del ataque, alguien empezó a distribuir por internet una foto de la violación entre sus compañeros de colegio. La policía nunca presentó cargos contra los jóvenes por falta de pruebas, pero Parsons sufrió un constante acoso cibernético, desde proposiciones de relaciones sexuales con desconocidos hasta insultos, lo que le obligó a cambiar de colegio y la sumió en una profunda depresión.En la ciudad de Halifax, en las cercanías de Cole Harbour, dos vigilias recordarán a Parsons y protestar contra la pasividad de las autoridades.
Hoy, el grupo de activistas cibernéticos Anonymous, que inicialmente amenazó con revelar la identidad de los supuestos autores de la violación si los cuatro no eran identificados por las autoridades, criticó cómo la policía, las autoridades escolares y otras personas han manejado el caso. El grupo dijo que «lo que hemos conocido es realmente vergonzoso, pero no fue el acto de la violación lo que nos sacudió. Lo que nos resulta más alarmante ha sido el comportamiento de los adultos». «Todos crearon este lío y en vez de asumir responsabilidades y arreglarlo lo primero que hicieron ayer por la mañana fue acudir a la televisión y defender sus trabajos. Han enseñado a jóvenes varones en su comunidad una terrible lección: violar es fácil», añadió el grupo. La amenaza de Anonymous se produce después de que el padre de Parsons también criticase en su blog a la Policía Montada de Canadá.
«¿Cómo es posible que alguien deje un rastro digital como éste y que la Policía Montada todavía no tenga pruebas del crimen?», escribió Glen Canning.Por su parte, la madre de la joven, Leah Parsons , solicitó a Anonymous que no revele la identidad de los supuestos autores de la violación. Tras rechazar inicialmente la reapertura del caso de violación, en las últimas horas las autoridades de la provincia de Nueva Escocia, donde se encuentra Cole Harbour, anunciaron que reabrirán la investigación.
El caso está recordando a muchos canadienses la muerte de Amanda Todd, una joven canadiense que se suicidó en octubre del año pasado a los 15 años de edad tras ser acosada durante años a través de internet. El caso de Todd fue especialmente estremecedor porque un mes antes de su suicidio, la joven colgó en YouTube un vídeo de 9 minutos y titulado «Mi historia: lucha, acoso, suicidio, daño» en el que sin pronunciar una sola palabra, sólo mostrando tarjetas escritas, describe su angustia y solicita ayuda.
El caso de Amanda Todd se inició cuando a los 12 años de edad entabló relación con un desconocido a través de internet que acabó chantajeándola y distribuyó fotos eróticas de la joven entre amigos y familiares. Durante tres años, el desconocido lanzó un ataque sistemático contra Amanda a través de Facebook que fue seguida por decenas de personas que también aprovecharon para acosar a la joven canadiense sin que las autoridades hiciesen nada para detener el asalto.
La familia de Parsons denunció que la joven fue violada cuando tenía 15 años por un grupo de cuatro jóvenes. Pocos días después del ataque, alguien empezó a distribuir por internet una foto de la violación entre sus compañeros de colegio. La policía nunca presentó cargos
La sociedad canadiense está reaccionando con indignación ante la pasividad de las autoridades tras la muerte de una joven de 17 años que se suicidó tras ser violada y acosada posteriormente a través de internet por un grupo de jóvenes. Rehtaeh Parsons, una joven de 17 años de Cole Harbour, una pequeña localidad a unos 1.800 kilómetros al este de Toronto, murió el domingo de las heridas que sufrió al intentar suicidarse el 4 de marzo.
La familia de Parsons denunció que la joven fue violada cuando tenía 15 años por un grupo de cuatro jóvenes. Pocos días después del ataque, alguien empezó a distribuir por internet una foto de la violación entre sus compañeros de colegio. La policía nunca presentó cargos contra los jóvenes por falta de pruebas, pero Parsons sufrió un constante acoso cibernético, desde proposiciones de relaciones sexuales con desconocidos hasta insultos, lo que le obligó a cambiar de colegio y la sumió en una profunda depresión.En la ciudad de Halifax, en las cercanías de Cole Harbour, dos vigilias recordarán a Parsons y protestar contra la pasividad de las autoridades.
Hoy, el grupo de activistas cibernéticos Anonymous, que inicialmente amenazó con revelar la identidad de los supuestos autores de la violación si los cuatro no eran identificados por las autoridades, criticó cómo la policía, las autoridades escolares y otras personas han manejado el caso. El grupo dijo que «lo que hemos conocido es realmente vergonzoso, pero no fue el acto de la violación lo que nos sacudió. Lo que nos resulta más alarmante ha sido el comportamiento de los adultos». «Todos crearon este lío y en vez de asumir responsabilidades y arreglarlo lo primero que hicieron ayer por la mañana fue acudir a la televisión y defender sus trabajos. Han enseñado a jóvenes varones en su comunidad una terrible lección: violar es fácil», añadió el grupo. La amenaza de Anonymous se produce después de que el padre de Parsons también criticase en su blog a la Policía Montada de Canadá.
«¿Cómo es posible que alguien deje un rastro digital como éste y que la Policía Montada todavía no tenga pruebas del crimen?», escribió Glen Canning.Por su parte, la madre de la joven, Leah Parsons , solicitó a Anonymous que no revele la identidad de los supuestos autores de la violación. Tras rechazar inicialmente la reapertura del caso de violación, en las últimas horas las autoridades de la provincia de Nueva Escocia, donde se encuentra Cole Harbour, anunciaron que reabrirán la investigación.
El caso está recordando a muchos canadienses la muerte de Amanda Todd, una joven canadiense que se suicidó en octubre del año pasado a los 15 años de edad tras ser acosada durante años a través de internet. El caso de Todd fue especialmente estremecedor porque un mes antes de su suicidio, la joven colgó en YouTube un vídeo de 9 minutos y titulado «Mi historia: lucha, acoso, suicidio, daño» en el que sin pronunciar una sola palabra, sólo mostrando tarjetas escritas, describe su angustia y solicita ayuda.
El caso de Amanda Todd se inició cuando a los 12 años de edad entabló relación con un desconocido a través de internet que acabó chantajeándola y distribuyó fotos eróticas de la joven entre amigos y familiares. Durante tres años, el desconocido lanzó un ataque sistemático contra Amanda a través de Facebook que fue seguida por decenas de personas que también aprovecharon para acosar a la joven canadiense sin que las autoridades hiciesen nada para detener el asalto.
¿Funcionan las leyes contra el cyberbullying?
Can cyberbullying laws really work?
Nova Scotia's new law to counteract cyberbullying aims to protect victims and hold young perpetrators — and even their parents in some cases — responsible. But legal and social welfare experts have their doubts that the law will have a significant impact in the fight against the insidious online behaviour unless much more educational groundwork is laid.
The legislation that came into effect last week was introduced less than a month after the April 7 death of Rehtaeh Parsons, the 17-year-old from Cole Harbour who was said to have endured harassment and humiliation after a photo of her being sexually assaulted was circulated around her school and online.
She attempted to take her own life, and died a few days later after being taken off life support.
While those professionals who study and work with many of the issues around bullying and cyberbullying find hopeful signs in the Nova Scotia initiative, they caution that fundamental change will only come only through a multi-faceted approach involving parents, educators and others, to create a new sense of responsibility around online behaviour.
Faye Mishna, dean of the Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto, says she doesn’t want to sound negative about the kind of legislation Nova Scotia has adopted. But she rejects suggestions the new law shows that the issue is now really being taken seriously.
"It means that we're starting" to take it seriously and deal with it, she says, "but it's not enough."
Using the law as a form of intervention can be effective only "as long as we have all the other forms of prevention and intervention and education in place," Mishna says.
'Destructive behaviour'
Nova Scotia Justice Minister Ross Landry has said elements of the new law — it includes protection orders that can be obtained against cyberbullies and offers the ability to sue the parents of a teen who engages in the practice — are "tools that help put a stop to this destructive behaviour."
But he also appears to acknowledge that the new Cyber Safety Act is only one part of a larger effort to tackle this phenomenon.
'This law and this legislation we put forward here isn't the panacea for this issue. It is a step forward.'
—Ross Landry
"This law and this legislation we put forward here isn't the panacea for this issue," he told CBC Radio's The Current.
"It is a step forward."
Marvin Bernstein, the chief policy adviser at UNICEF Canada who served as Saskatchewan's Children's Advocate from 2005 to 2010, considers it "positive" that Nova Scotia has looked at the situation surrounding Parsons' death.
But he, too, cautions against considering this new legislation — or any legislation, for that matter — as a panacea, rather than merely one component in an overall approach.
"I think the more important and more impactful approaches really relate to prevention and education," he says.
"And before we vilify the cyberbullies, I think we need to recognize that a good number of the cyberbullies are really children or young people themselves, and that when they carry out this kind of behaviour in many instances they don't understand the impact of what they are doing."
Perennial record
Bernstein places great stock in the role education can play.
"Education can be very helpful in preventing this kind of behaviour by emphasizing that when you post something on Facebook, when you send a text, when you use the internet, there is a perennial record of those actions, and the reputational kind of damage that you're doing to others is not a responsible way to behave."
As he sees it, "the jury is still out" on whether legislation like Nova Scotia's is necessary.
"When we have looked at the Criminal Code and looked at a number of offences there, we've been able to determine that really there are ample provisions … that sometimes come into play."
He points to laws against child pornography, sexual exploitation of children, criminal harassment, uttering threats and intimidation. Civil court remedies exist through defamation, invasion of privacy and intentional infliction of mental suffering.
But, he says, those laws are not always enforced (though RCMP in Nova Scotia have now charged two 18-year-old men with child pornography in the Rehtaeh Parsons case, for allegedly distributing a photo of what happened to her).
While more antibullying legislation is starting to emerge at the provincial and territorial level across Canada, Bernstein sees one of the difficulties being a lack of co-ordination and consistency among the statutes.
"Cyberbullying is not just a provincial issue. It's a national issue. It's happening across the country."
Holding parents responsible
Nova Scotia's new law includes provisions to hold parents responsible, but both Mishna and Bernstein question how effective that might be.
Mishna says it might be helpful in some cases, but the broader need is for parents to understand that cyberbullying is a problem and provide support.
Bernstein also notes that many families are now single-parent, with that parent busy working and not always monitoring what his or her child is doing online.
'I would think that there would be very few cases where parents know specifically what's going on, that have had detailed conversations with their children, and then say it's OK.
"And I think that there are many parents who may be new immigrants to this country and have language difficulties," when it comes to monitoring what their children are doing online.
While introducing a new law is one thing, both Mishna and Bernstein point to a need for broader changes in society's outlook toward cyberbullying.
Mishna says it's important that the concern extend from the most extreme cases all the way along to much less severe instances of cyberbullying.
Kids don't like to tell others if they've been a victim and don't like to make a big deal out of it.
"I think we need to make it easy for them to tell adults even when it's a not a big deal because by the time it is a big deal a lot of damage has been done," Mishna says.
Not just a rite of passage
Bernstein sees a need to move beyond anyone thinking that cyberbullying is the kind of thing that's just going to happen, like a rite of passage, and that kids who are victimized should just get over it.
He also sees a need to move beyond any sense that there's any one sector or system in society that could solve the problem.
"Sometimes there's a sense that it's the criminal justice system or it's the child protection system and really, it requires a multi-tiered approach.
"It requires a sense of collective responsibility that all of us as responsible citizens can do something to take steps to address the problem of cyberbullying."
For her part, Rehtaeh Parsons' mother says the legislation is a "great step in the right direction."
Leah Parsons told CBC Radio's The Current she was thrilled the legislation was able to be put in place within four months.
"I'm sure there's going to be some issues surrounding it and other things in place to catch up with the legislation for the police to do their job and for service providers to also join in and help, but it's definitely a step in the right direction."
Nova Scotia's new law to counteract cyberbullying aims to protect victims and hold young perpetrators — and even their parents in some cases — responsible. But legal and social welfare experts have their doubts that the law will have a significant impact in the fight against the insidious online behaviour unless much more educational groundwork is laid.
The legislation that came into effect last week was introduced less than a month after the April 7 death of Rehtaeh Parsons, the 17-year-old from Cole Harbour who was said to have endured harassment and humiliation after a photo of her being sexually assaulted was circulated around her school and online.
She attempted to take her own life, and died a few days later after being taken off life support.
While those professionals who study and work with many of the issues around bullying and cyberbullying find hopeful signs in the Nova Scotia initiative, they caution that fundamental change will only come only through a multi-faceted approach involving parents, educators and others, to create a new sense of responsibility around online behaviour.
Faye Mishna, dean of the Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto, says she doesn’t want to sound negative about the kind of legislation Nova Scotia has adopted. But she rejects suggestions the new law shows that the issue is now really being taken seriously.
"It means that we're starting" to take it seriously and deal with it, she says, "but it's not enough."
Using the law as a form of intervention can be effective only "as long as we have all the other forms of prevention and intervention and education in place," Mishna says.
'Destructive behaviour'
Nova Scotia Justice Minister Ross Landry has said elements of the new law — it includes protection orders that can be obtained against cyberbullies and offers the ability to sue the parents of a teen who engages in the practice — are "tools that help put a stop to this destructive behaviour."
But he also appears to acknowledge that the new Cyber Safety Act is only one part of a larger effort to tackle this phenomenon.
'This law and this legislation we put forward here isn't the panacea for this issue. It is a step forward.'
—Ross Landry
"This law and this legislation we put forward here isn't the panacea for this issue," he told CBC Radio's The Current.
"It is a step forward."
Marvin Bernstein, the chief policy adviser at UNICEF Canada who served as Saskatchewan's Children's Advocate from 2005 to 2010, considers it "positive" that Nova Scotia has looked at the situation surrounding Parsons' death.
But he, too, cautions against considering this new legislation — or any legislation, for that matter — as a panacea, rather than merely one component in an overall approach.
"I think the more important and more impactful approaches really relate to prevention and education," he says.
"And before we vilify the cyberbullies, I think we need to recognize that a good number of the cyberbullies are really children or young people themselves, and that when they carry out this kind of behaviour in many instances they don't understand the impact of what they are doing."
Perennial record
Bernstein places great stock in the role education can play.
"Education can be very helpful in preventing this kind of behaviour by emphasizing that when you post something on Facebook, when you send a text, when you use the internet, there is a perennial record of those actions, and the reputational kind of damage that you're doing to others is not a responsible way to behave."
As he sees it, "the jury is still out" on whether legislation like Nova Scotia's is necessary.
"When we have looked at the Criminal Code and looked at a number of offences there, we've been able to determine that really there are ample provisions … that sometimes come into play."
He points to laws against child pornography, sexual exploitation of children, criminal harassment, uttering threats and intimidation. Civil court remedies exist through defamation, invasion of privacy and intentional infliction of mental suffering.
But, he says, those laws are not always enforced (though RCMP in Nova Scotia have now charged two 18-year-old men with child pornography in the Rehtaeh Parsons case, for allegedly distributing a photo of what happened to her).
While more antibullying legislation is starting to emerge at the provincial and territorial level across Canada, Bernstein sees one of the difficulties being a lack of co-ordination and consistency among the statutes.
"Cyberbullying is not just a provincial issue. It's a national issue. It's happening across the country."
Holding parents responsible
Nova Scotia's new law includes provisions to hold parents responsible, but both Mishna and Bernstein question how effective that might be.
Mishna says it might be helpful in some cases, but the broader need is for parents to understand that cyberbullying is a problem and provide support.
Bernstein also notes that many families are now single-parent, with that parent busy working and not always monitoring what his or her child is doing online.
'I would think that there would be very few cases where parents know specifically what's going on, that have had detailed conversations with their children, and then say it's OK.
"And I think that there are many parents who may be new immigrants to this country and have language difficulties," when it comes to monitoring what their children are doing online.
While introducing a new law is one thing, both Mishna and Bernstein point to a need for broader changes in society's outlook toward cyberbullying.
Mishna says it's important that the concern extend from the most extreme cases all the way along to much less severe instances of cyberbullying.
Kids don't like to tell others if they've been a victim and don't like to make a big deal out of it.
"I think we need to make it easy for them to tell adults even when it's a not a big deal because by the time it is a big deal a lot of damage has been done," Mishna says.
Not just a rite of passage
Bernstein sees a need to move beyond anyone thinking that cyberbullying is the kind of thing that's just going to happen, like a rite of passage, and that kids who are victimized should just get over it.
He also sees a need to move beyond any sense that there's any one sector or system in society that could solve the problem.
"Sometimes there's a sense that it's the criminal justice system or it's the child protection system and really, it requires a multi-tiered approach.
"It requires a sense of collective responsibility that all of us as responsible citizens can do something to take steps to address the problem of cyberbullying."
For her part, Rehtaeh Parsons' mother says the legislation is a "great step in the right direction."
Leah Parsons told CBC Radio's The Current she was thrilled the legislation was able to be put in place within four months.
"I'm sure there's going to be some issues surrounding it and other things in place to catch up with the legislation for the police to do their job and for service providers to also join in and help, but it's definitely a step in the right direction."
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